When valuing a business using an income approach, a valuation analyst will develop a discount rate or capitalization rate to apply to the expected ongoing income or cash flows of the Company. The discount or capitalization rate (cost of capital) is essentially a rate of return expected by the potential buyer for the investment in …
One of the first items we ask for when engaged to value a holding company interest is the governing agreement of that entity. This could be either an Operating or Partnership Agreement (with all amendments). Sometimes we are asked why we need the governing agreement to prepare a valuation. In the valuation of holding company …
I recently wrote an article about several cases being brought by the Department of Labor (DOL) against Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) trustees. The cases all related to the DOL’s claim that the ESOP trustees had breached their fiduciary duties by relying on appraisals prepared for the valuation of the ESOP owned stock. One such …
We saw large increases in the value of public companies during 2017 in anticipation of the new administration’s proposals to reduce federal regulations, promote growth policies and push for tax reduction. The Dow Jones Industrial Average and the NASDAQ both increased just over 20% during 2017 and the S&P 500 index increased by almost 16% …
The valuation of a business is prepared as of a certain date in time. This could be any date, often determined by the purpose of the valuation. A valuation prepared for estate tax purposes is as of the date of death. A valuation for divorce purposes is often the date of service. The valuation date …
When it comes to the valuation of non-controlling interests in pass-through entities (PTEs) such as a Subchapter S corporation, there have been ongoing disagreements between business valuators and the IRS. The issue is whether and to what extent to offset PTE earnings for income taxes (often termed “tax-affecting”). Doing so reduces the value under the …
Recently, this seems to be the number one question I receive from aging business owners that have begun to contemplate what to do next with their business. Business owners are beginning to realize they cannot work forever and are looking for options to liquidate their investment. So, what’s their business worth? What are a business …
Recent discussions by the new administration regarding changing corporate and individual tax rates got me thinking about how different income tax rates can affect the value of a company. For example, I ran some numbers with the following assumptions. The current effective tax rate on a pass-through company’s earnings at the individual level is 38 …
Giustina (*) case dealt with the value of an approximate 41% limited partnership interest in a partnership that held timberland. Giustina Land & Timber Co. Limited Partnership (GLTC) owned more than 47,000 acres of timberland at the time of death of Natale Giustina. GLTC had operated continuously since its formation in 1990. Profits were generated …